Welcome To My Blog We'll Learn Together about Life and happiness

Selasa, 14 Juni 2016

Applied Linguistics

Neurolinguistik


Assalamualaikum

Hi readers, in this post, I will share about one of branches in applied linguistics. Neurolinguistics.

Before we come to Neurolinguistics, Do you know what is applied linguistics??

For the first time, I think Linguistics  and applied linguistics has same meaning, and applied linguistic is one of branches in linguistics.

Finally... I  know that they have different meaning.

Linguistics
As we know, Linguistics is a comparatively new science, or new,  at least, in the form it has taken in recent years. It’s a scientific study of language. The goal  is describe the varieties of languages and explain the unconscious knowledge all speakers have of their language.
Or
Linguistics is the study of human language in all its aspects. It provides a methodology for exploring the structure of particular languages; it investigates what is universal to all human languages: how language varies over time and between different societies, how language is learnt, and how language is used for human communication.

Applied Linguistics

Applied Linguistics is an inter an trans disciplinary approach. Identifies, investigates, and offers solutions to language-related real life problems.

Applied Linguistics is Oriented to the solution of linguistic problems. It puts linguistic theories into practice in areas such as foreign language teaching, speech therapy, translation, and speech pathology.

Applied Linguistics extends into such practical application fields as :

1.     Clinical Linguistics (analysis and treatment of language disorders)
2.    Language Acquisition ( L1 and L2)
3.    Teaching and Learning Foreign Languages (developing foreign language teaching methods)
4.    Educational Linguistics (the useof the mother tongue in school)
5.    Lexicography ( theory and practice in organizing dictionaries; methods and techniques for creating dictionaries Computational Linguistics (the use of computers in language analysis and use)
6.    Machine Translation ASR –Automatic( computerized translation )
7.    Speech Recognition
8.    Language assessment(to measure studentlearning of languages, todetermine what a studentknows and/or can do andhow well instruction isproceeding ).
9.    Forensic Linguistics (the application of linguistic knowledge, methods and insights to the context of law, language, crime investigation, trial, experts, court, evidence, law, jurislinguistique )
10.   Data Mining – (the process of processinglarge volumes of data usually stored in adatabase and searching for patterns andrelationships within that data. It is automaticextraction and processing of data )
11.   Language pedagogy (theory of developingteaching methods )
12.  Psycholinguistics (the study of the psychological factors that enable humans to acquire, use, comprehend and produce speech , relationship between language and human behavior)
13.  Internet linguistics ( It studies new language styles and forms that have arisen under the influence of the Internet and Short Message Service (SMS)Sociolinguistics
14. Neurolinguistics (describes(study of the link the application of linguistic between language theories to the classification andand society) analysis of acquired disorders of language or speech in patients with brain damage )

15.  Language interpretation (facilitating of oral or sign language communication between users of different languages)
16.  Corpus linguistics(the study of language as expressed in samples (corpora) or "real world" text ; it is approach to deriving a set of abstract rules by which a natural language is governed or else relates to another language)
17.  Text Analysis ( written Language Control / discourse)
18.  Dialectology (study of linguisticLanguage, dialect, variations inculture, and language and is basedpragmatics primarily on geographic( cultural aspects distribution ;in language divergence of two localteaching in dialects from aintercultural common ancestor andcommunication ) synchronic variation )
19.  Education Sociology(teaching, learning, (the scientific study ofacquisition, human social behaviorassessment and the study of society)


Ok let we start to learn about Neurolinguistics



Neurolinguistik adalah salah satu bidang kajian interdisipliner dalam ilmu linguistik dan ilmu kedokteran yang mengkaji hubungan antara otak manusia dengan bahasa.

Neurolinguistik merupakan kajian yang berupaya memahami kerja otak untuk memproses kegiatan berbahasa sebagaimana psikolinguistik hanya saja fokusnya berbeda. Neurolinguistik lebih berkecimpung dalam memahami kesulitan berbahasa atau gangguan berbahasa, yang mencakup kegiatam bicara, mendengar, membaca menulis, dan berbahasa isyarat yang menganggu kemampuan berkomunikasi (Lauder, 2005:238).

Perkembangan bahasa pada anak bergantung pada maturasi otak, lingkungan, perkembangan motorik dan kognitif, integritas struktural, dan fungsional dari organism (Sidiarto, 1991:134). Apabila terdapat gangguan pada proses perkembangan anak, maka akan berimplikasi pula terhadap pembelajaran bahasa pada anak. Kajian ini berkaitan dengan apa yang terjadi di dalam otak, yang satu lagi berkaitan dengan apa yang diekspresikan dalam tuturan dan tulisan. Penelitian ini ditekanan pada ekspresi pemahaman anak autis oleh subjek tunggal yang mempunyai dasar neurologis. Objek kajian secara teoritis memakai psiko-neurolinguistik oleh Nunan dalam Sastra (2005:105), yaitu dengan merekam, merasa, dan memahami fenomena yang sebenarnya terjadi, baik dari diri subjek maupun perkembangan subjek dan lingkungannya. Kajian neurolinguistik merupakan kajian yang berupaya memahami kerja otak untuk memproses kegiatan berbahasa sebagaimana psikolinguistik hanya saja fokusnya berbeda.

Neurolinguistik lebih berkecimpung dalam memahami kesulitan berbahasa atau gangguan berbahasa, yang mencakup kegiatam bicara, mendengar, membaca menulis, dan berbahasa isyarat yang menganggu kemampuan berkomunikasi (Lauder, 2005:238).

Neurolinguistik dapat ditelusuri latar belakang subjek mengalami autis, yaitu terdapat kerusakan pada sistem syaraf yang membuat kemampuan mengingat mengalami keterbatasan.

Perilaku  Psikomotor  pada  Subjek  Tunggal

Kemampuan berbahasa sejalan dengan perkembangan manusia, semua terdapat pada alat artikulasi dan auditori yang normal. Namun, proses memproduksi kata-kata sebenarnya berlangsung terus, seperti pada proses pengembangan pengenalan. Hal ini merupakan abstraksi atau kata-kata yang terkandung pada makna. Proses berbicara dan menulis merupakan proses serebal yang berarti proses ekspresi verbal, komprehensi, dan kompentensi yang dibentuk oleh sel-sel saraf otak pada neuron.

Di bawah ini analisis kemampuan berbahasa subjek pada saat melafalkan kata-kata, di antaranya sebagai berikut.

telepon /telepo/ [telepo]
telepon = [telepo]

penghilangan fonem /n/ kata telepon diucapkan telepo oleh ilustrasi responden. Kata telepon mengalami penghilangan fonem /n/ di akhir kata menjadi telepo. Namun dapat di temukan secara pengucap subjek ketikan melafalkan /n/ secara sengau.

ayah /hayah/ [hayah]
ayah = [h/a/y/a/h]


Penambahan fonem /h/ kata ayah diucapkan hayah ilustrasi responden. Kata ayah mengalami penambahan fonem /h/ di awal kata menjadi hayah.

Gangguan Wicara

Gangguan wicara dikelompokkan menjadi :

1) Gangguan wicara yang berimplikasi pada gangguan organik. ;
2) Psikogenik. Gangguan Psikogenik merupakan ungkapan dan gangguan dibidang mental.

Stroke adalah penyakit yang disebabkan oleh pecahnya pembuluh darah / kurangnya oksigen pada otak. Selain itu juga ditentukan oleh letak kerusakan pada hemisfir yang bersangkutan. Jika hemsisfir kiri terganggu maka terjadi gangguan wicara (Afasia). Afasia terdiri dari beberapa macam, antara lain :
a.       Afasia Broca (Lesion), terjadi di sekitar Broca
b.      Afasia Wernicke, terjadi di sekitar Wernicke
c.   Afasia Anomik, terjadi di bagian depan dari Lobe Parietal (Antara Lobe Parietal – Lobe temporal)
d.   Afasia Global, terjadi tidak di satu atau dua tempat saja, tetapi di beberapa daerah lain (Komplikasi)
e.     Afasia Konduksi, terjadi pada fiber-fiberyang ada pada fsaikulus arkuat yanbg menghubung Lobe Frontal dengan Lobe Temporal.
f.        Disartria adalah Lafal yang tidak jelas tetapi ujarannya utuh.
g.       Agnosia / Dimensia  adalah gangguan pada pembuatan ide.
h.       Aleksia adlah hilangnyav kemampuan untuk membaca.
i.   Agresia adalah hilangnya kemampuan untuk menulis dengan huruf normal.

Perbedaan antara orang yang normal dengan yang  abnormal seperti idiot, tuna rungu (Yang mempunyai gangguan wicara) bukan pada struktur otaknya yang tidak lengkap melainkan pada salah satu fungsi bagian otaknya yang tidak bekerja dengan baik.



References :













Jumat, 20 Mei 2016

Fkip Unilak

The things that I love from Unilak

Assalamualaikum
Hello guys,,, in this moment, I want to explore what is the interesting of my facullty..  Let we start it...

Wellllll, right now I study in Lancang Kuning University especially in Faculty of Teacher training and education. Actually, I dont know what the specific of interest things because I just in the second semester, and I study in this  place  for one year.

The five things that I love from Unilak are :
1.     Mr. Dahler
The first, why I choose mr. Dahler as the first things that I love from Fkip, because when I hear that he speak in front of us  on PAMABA. He has an aura that we have to respect.
2.     The trees
I am the one of person who loved green, so for the second things I alike tress that grow beside of FKIP UNILAK.

3.     Mr. Budihamuddin
The next is Mr. Budi, I choose him because he is dicipline, humorous, clever and he is a lecturer.
I like when he teach me about Linguistics, and he give us the material with his way in front of class.

4.     My Friends in II A
They are very friendly, very kind with me and actually they are very craazyyyyy,, but I am happy to be the part  of this class.

5.     The rules of FKIP
And the  last is the rules of fkip, I like this because when we want to be the teacher, we have to be polite. By using, the veil(kerudung)  for the moeslim.

THANK YOU for visit my blog.....F

Selasa, 17 Mei 2016

SEMANTICS

    SEMANTICS 


Hi readers...
Come back again with me,, we gonna talk about “SEMANTICS”
WELL,,       What is SEMANTICS??
        Semantics is the part of linguistics that talk about the meaning. The meaning is not thinks about the structuralist of a sentence. But sometimes we have to made a good sentence with a good structuralist and have a meaning.
        There are some types of semantics that we have to know, they are :
1.   Polysemy
Polysemy known as “many meanings”,   because in the same morphological word may have a range of different meanings at a dictionary.
For example :  “See”, have many meanings, such as :
-         Perceive with the eyes, discern visually.
-         Discern or deduce mentally after reflection or from information.
-         Meet (someone one knows) socially or buy change.
-         Escort or conduct (someone) to a specified place.

2. Synonymy
Synonymy is not always having the same meaning or a complete identity, but sometimes some words have the same sense or value for all the semantic features, although this feature is always partial or never complete.
For example : “friend” have the synonymys as “comrade”, “acquantaince”, “pal”, and “buddy”.

3. Hyponymy
Hyponymy is related to complementarity and incompatibility.  Its mean that, hyponymy is a word whose meaning contains the entire meaning of another word, the superordinate (the hypernym).
For example : “apple” is a fruit but a “fruit” is not refers to “apple”.

4. Antonymy
Antonymy is the relatonship of words, between words indicates oppositeness of meaning.
The kinds of antonymy, are :
-         Antonymity : big/small ; good/bad ; beautiful/ugly ; etc.
-         Complementarity : male/female ; alive/died; sky/earth ; etc.
-         Converseness : buy/sell ; push/pull ; give/take ; etc.

5. Idiomaticity
An idiom is a group of words whose meaning cannot be explained in terms of habitual or individual meanings of the component words that make up the phrase.

For example : a blind allery (route that leads nowhere) ; kick the bucket (die); put down (kill); etc.


Guys I have a game that can help us to learn semantics



it is a game named as Semantics wars. You can click this link in the bellow to visit and play the game.

Semantics Game 


SOURCE :
An Introduction to Linguistics by  Loreto Todd
A Linguistics Primer for Malaysians by Loga Mahesan Baskaran







LEXICOLOGY

LEXICOLOGY

This is a posting-an about

“L  E  X  I  C  O  L  O  G  Y”


So, What is Lexicology ??

Why??
Because the word of ‘Lexis’ refers to the vocabulary of a language. In this Lexicology we will learn about :
-      Lexical Decomposition
-      Collocation
-      Denotation and connotation

Guys I have some game that can help us to know many vocabulary

1.   Zoo wordsearch

We can get many word about animals with this game
To play the games you can :


2. Guess the word



We get words about everything with this ‘Guess The Word’ game.
To play the games you can :
                                                      KLIK DISINI TEMAN


3. Keyboard Mayhem

To play the games you can :
                                                     KLIK DISINI TEMAN

SOURCE :

An Introduction to Linguistics by  Loreto Todd

A Linguistics Primer for Malaysians by Loga Mahesan Baskaran






Selasa, 26 April 2016

Syntax

S Y N T A X

Hi everyone, 
I'll back with the new post about SYNTAX
let we talk about it,,

So what is syntax?


This video about what is SYNTAX.

.
                   Syntax is the way in which linguistic elements (as words) are put together to form constituents (as phrases or clauses and sentences).
In syntax, we will learn about :

a.    The phrase
A phrase ia a group of words which functions as a unit and with the exception of the verb phrase it self, does not contain a finite verb. A finite verb is one that can take as its subject a pronoun such as ‘I’, ‘we’, ‘he’, ‘she’,’it’, ‘they’.
     There are five commonly occuring types of phrase in English : noun phrases, adjectives phrases, verb phrases, adverb phrases, and preposition phrases.

b.    The clause
The clause is a group of words which contains a finite verb but which cannot occur in isolation, that is, a clause constitutes only part of a sentences.
In complex sentences, we have at least two clauses :
-       A main clause
-       Dependent clause/ subordinate

c.    The sentences
                each sentences is an independent linguistic form, not include by virtue of any grammatical construction in any larger linguistic form.

This video about how to draw  a syntax tree



Selasa, 19 April 2016

Morphology


MORPHOLOGY

 MORPHOLOGY







This is a video talk about, what Morphology is.



Morphology  is the study of morphemes, which are the smallest significant units of grammar.
In morphology, there are Free and bound morphemes :
·         Free morphemes is morphemes which can occur freely in their own.
·     Bound morphemes is morphemes which can only occur as affixes. This morphemes are divided into two types : (affixes) those like ‘dis-’ and ‘un-‘ and (prefixes) those like ‘-ly’ and ‘–ness’.

Derivational morphology :
-        Commonly occurring prefixes are ‘be-‘, ‘de-‘, ‘en-‘, ‘ex-‘, ‘hyper-‘, ‘pre-‘, ‘pro-‘, ‘re-‘, ‘sub-‘, ‘super-‘, and ‘trans-‘. Prefixes  alter meaning but do not always changes the function of the word.
-       Commonly occurring suffixes always change the class of the word.
a.    Word ending in the morphemes ‘-acy’, ‘-ation’, ‘-er/-or’, ‘-ess’, ‘-ity’, ‘-ment’, ‘-ness’, and ‘-ship’ tend to be nouns :
Democracy               actor               weakness

b.    Words ending ‘-ise/ize’ tends to be verbs :
epitomise                               hospitalise

c.    Words ending ‘-able’, ‘-ed’, ‘-ful’, ‘-ical’, ‘-ive’, ‘-less’, ‘-like’, ‘-ous’, and ‘-y’ tends to be adjectives :
Enjoyable                              polished                    comical         
Diminutives                          helpless                    industrious

d.    Words which end in ‘-ly’ tend to be adverb :
Quickly                                  securely
Thus, there are words which end in ‘-ly’ that function as adjectives and not as adverbs, such as :
          Lovely                                      friendly
        a lovely girl                             a friendly welcome

video 1



video 2